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The dunning ladder and collection cases

Each overdue customer has at most one open collection case. The nightly run moves it up five stages by the age of the oldest overdue bill, with a follow-up at each stage, and closes it when nothing is overdue.

  • CRM Collections
  • 5 min read
  • Updated October 20, 2026

For Collector Credit controller Manager or owner Administrator

The ladder

StageNameFrom days overdueFollow-up createdDuePriority
1Friendly reminder1Remind the customer the account is past dueNext dayMedium
2Firm reminder16Call the customer for a payment dateNext dayHigh
3Escalation31Escalate: overdue more than 30 daysSame dayHigh
4Final notice61Final notice before credit holdSame dayCritical
5Credit hold91Review for credit hold: overdue more than 90 daysSame dayCritical

The stage is chosen by the days past due of the customer's oldest overdue bill. The five stages are fixed: there is no screen to change them in this release.

Stage 5 recommends a credit hold. Nothing puts a customer on hold automatically: see Credit hold.

What the nightly run does

With Open collection work for overdue customers switched on (CRM settings and what each one does):

  1. Open a case
    Who
    The nightly run (or Run collections now)
    What changes
    An overdue customer at stage 1 or higher with no open collection case gets one: a number starting COL-, the stage, a priority, the amount (overdue less disputed), and the collector (the customer's account owner, if one is set).
    Needs
    Not for customers marked do not contact, nor when disputes cover all the overdue money.
  2. Move it up
    What changes
    When the oldest overdue bill reaches the next stage, the case moves up and its figures are refreshed. The figures of cases that stay at their stage are refreshed too. A case never moves down.
  3. Add a follow-up
    What changes
    One follow-up for each stage entered, for the case's collector, titled with the stage's text, the case number, the overdue amount and the days, unless the case already has an open follow-up. None for customers marked do not contact.

With Close collection work once paid switched on:

  • a case whose customer is no longer overdue is closed: "Settled: no overdue balance on <date>", and its open follow-ups are completed;
  • older cases opened for one invoice close when that invoice is no longer open;
  • between runs, a posted receipt closes the cases of the invoices it settles in full, and all the customer's collection work when they owe nothing more.
What changes when ...
When ...Collection caseFollow-upsAccounting
A customer becomes overdue (nightly run)Opened at stage 1One to remindNothing
The oldest bill passes 16, 31, 61 or 91 days (nightly run)Moved upOne per stageNothing
A promise is recordedOpened if there is noneOne on the promised dateNothing
A receipt settles everything (setting on)ClosedCompletedThe receipt, as always
The collector closes the workClosed with the reasonCompletedNothing

One case per customer

Collection work is per customer, not per invoice: one open collection case for each customer. Saving an invoice opens no case; the run opens one only once a bill is actually overdue.

A switched-off customer who still owes money is chased like an active one: they get a case, move up the ladder, and the case closes as settled only when nothing is overdue.

Why has this overdue customer no collection case?

Check that Open collection work for overdue customers is on, that the nightly run happened (The nightly run and the run-now buttons), that the customer is not marked do not contact, and that their overdue money is not all under dispute.

Why did the case close?

The close reason says: "Settled: ..." (the nightly run), "Receipt ... cleared" (a receipt), or the reason the collector gave.

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